分散式风电多点接入协调优化控制策略

针对分散式风电机组并网导致的配电网网损增加、电压稳定性降低等问题,文章提出一种分散式风电并网多点协调双层控制策略。首先,分析了分散式风电多点接入特性,研究分散式风电多点接入后的网损、电压分布和功率因数的关系,并提出最小网损和电压偏差为目标的双层优化控制策略。最后,基于IEEE-33节点进行仿真计算,结果表明,所提多点协调控制策略能够有效降低配电网网损和提升母线电压水平,增加系统的稳定性。与超前功率因数相比,滞后的功率因数能够增大风能消纳能力,提高供电可靠性,减少电压偏移水平。     

低温贮藏对“翠香”猕猴桃冷害和品质的影响

研究以"翠香"猕猴桃为试材,比较两种温度(0±0.5℃和2±0.5℃)下,贮藏果实的冷害发生情况及品质差异,同时关注果实贮藏期间果实苦味的产生,以期找出果实苦味产生的原因。结果表明,0±0.5℃贮藏时,果实硬度保持较好,果实呼吸强度下降,有冷害和褐变发生,并伴有果实发苦现象;而2±0.5℃贮藏的果实未见冷害和褐变发生,色度得以保持,多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性下降,极显著延缓了细胞膜透性的升高,此外,果实可溶性固形物和维生素C的含量也显著提高,果实没有出现苦味。试验中发现"翠香"猕猴桃苦味现象和冷害伴随产生,并随着冷害发展加重,推测"翠香"果实的苦味可能是由冷害造成的。     

温度对化学镀锡层形貌和耐蚀性的影响

对不同温度下制备的化学镀锡层进行了电化学腐蚀试验。使用电化学工作站测试了交流阻抗谱,研究了温度对化学镀锡层形貌和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:Nyquist图显示不同温度下所得化学镀锡层的电化学阻抗谱都呈现出简单的容抗弧特征,随着温度从40℃升高到80℃,容抗弧半径总体上先增大后减小;Bode图显示不同温度下所得化学镀锡层的相位角与频率之间的关系曲线形状相似,在测试频率范围内都只出现一个相角峰。温度为60℃时制备的化学镀锡层表面块状颗粒的尺寸和分布最均匀,容抗弧半径最大,并且在较宽频率范围内的相位角都接近70°,表现出较好的耐蚀性。     

非相变固体蓄热材料的蓄放热特性

搭建了低谷电蓄能蒸汽发生换热测试系统，采用数据记录仪、Hot Disk热常数分析仪等仪器检测了刚玉球等非相变固体蓄热材料的热物性。通过实验与模拟相结合的方式，研究了粉煤灰、氧化镁、刚玉砂、刚玉球等材料的蓄放热特性。分析了蓄热材料种类和粒径大小对蓄放热特性的影响，得到了不同材料的蓄热密度和综合换热系数等关键参数。结合FLUENT非稳态模拟方法，模拟了蓄热体在不同材料粒径下的蓄热和放热温度场变化规律。结果表明：刚玉球能够提供充足连续的热量，可以作为一种性能良好的蓄热材料进行应用；随着刚玉砂粒径的增大，其蓄热密度和综合换热系数会增大，有效放热时间也会延长。     

前刀面槽型结构对D型刀片车削球墨铸铁性能的影响

通过切削力、磨损和冲击切削试验,研究了前刀面槽型结构对D型刀片车削球墨铸铁切削性能的影响。试验结果显示,刀具的第一前角对切削力的影响最大;在10°~15°范围内,刀具前角越大,切削力越低;棱带宽度大的刀片具有更加优异的耐磨损性能;具有正刃倾角的刀片显示出更优异的耐冲击性能。     

大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌器结构优化

为改善连铸结晶器内钢液的流动状况，采用有限元法和有限容积法研究了大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌器结构对连铸结晶器内电磁场、流场和温度场分布的影响。结果表明，新型结晶器电磁搅拌器在400 A、3 Hz时产生的电磁力比传统结晶器电磁搅拌器在500 A、3 Hz时产生的电磁力更加均匀，对结晶器内钢液的扰动更强，可提高结晶器内的传热效率，有助于初始凝固坯壳和等轴晶的形成，改善方坯质量。     

Effects of CuO addition on the sinterability and electric properties in PbNb2O6-based ceramics

PbNb₂O₆ (PN)-based ceramics with tungsten bronze structure are promising piezoelectric materials in high-temperature devices such as piezoelectric vibration transducers. However, the PN-based ceramics usually exhibit a low bulk density, which greatly limits their practical applications. In this work, CuO was used as the sintering aid to form a liquid-phase bridge, leading to an obvious increase of the bulk density of PN-based ceramics by 11% (from 5.25 to 5.85 g cm⁻³) and the improvement of the piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) (from 168 to 190 pC/N) and the Curie temperature (T_C) from 367 to 395 °C. The positive influence of CuO on densification has been proved by SEM and fracture toughness. The XRD patterns confirmed that there was no secondary phase introduced by CuO addition. The Raman spectra revealed that part of Cu²⁺ ions has probably diffused into host lattice of the PN and preferred to occupy on A-sites. These results not only demonstrate the high potential of the CuO added PN-based ceramics for high-temperature piezoelectric applications, but also reveal the corresponding structure-properties relationship as well as provide a way to improve the sinterability, d₃₃, and T_C simultaneously.     

Structural and dielectric properties of B2O3/Li2O-added Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 multilayer ceramics for tunable devices

B₂O₃ and Li₂O (B/L)-added Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) ceramics sintered at 940 °C exhibited a dense microstructure with large grains. The amount of B/L additive was 4.5 wt% with a B/L ratio of 1.5:1. The B/L-related liquid phase assisted the densification of the BST ceramics. This BST ceramic displayed a large dielectric constant (ε_r) of 2834 with a low dielectric loss (tan δ) of 0.21% at 1.0 MHz. It also displayed a large tunability (28.2% at 10 kV/cm) and a high figure of merit (FOM) of 134. BST thick-films were synthesized using the tape casting method. The thick-film densified at 940 °C exhibited a large tunability of 18.7% at 10.0 kV/cm and an FOM of 208; these are higher than the values reported in the literature. Multilayer ceramics (MLCs) consisting of five layers of 40-μm-thick BST thick-films and Ag electrodes were also fabricated at 940 °C. No diffusion occurred between the Ag electrode and BST thick-film. A large tunability of 67.6% at 52 kV/cm with a high FOM of 294 was obtained from this MLC. This verified that the B/L-added BST ceramic is effective for application in tunable multilayer devices.     

珲春地区高瓦斯矿井煤自然发火标志气体研究

为了探究珲春地区高瓦斯矿井煤自然发火情况，选取该地区板石煤矿22、23a和八连城煤矿18#、26#共4个煤层进行程序升温特性实验，分析了CO及烃类气体产生量随温度的变化规律，优选自然发火标志气体，测算煤自燃临界温度。结果表明，板石22、23a和八连城18#、26#四个煤层的自燃临界温度分别为101.0℃、97.6℃、121.0℃、169.1℃。CO和C2H4的初现温度大约在30℃与80～120℃，且产生量随温度单调递增，可作为煤自燃预测预报的主要参考指标|而同时，为了保证检测的全面与准确，还可以将规律性良好的其他烃类气体、烯烷比和链烷比进行辅助参考。     

Development of LTCC micro-hotplate with PTC temperature sensor for gas-sensing applications

Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) micro-hotplates show wide applications in gas sensors and micro-fluidic devices. It is easily structured in three-dimensional structures. This paper presents the low power consumption micro-hotplates which were developed with PTC (positive temperature coefficient) temperature sensor and inter-digitated electrodes. The paper presents two different structures for micro-hotplate with platinum as a heating element. The PTC temperature sensor using two different materials viz. PdAg and platinum paste are developed with micro-hotplates. The simulation has been achieved through COMSOL for LTCC and alumina micro-hotplates. The temperature variation with power consumption has been measured for the developed LTCC micro-hotplates. The change in resistance of PTC temperature sensors was measured with micro-hotplate temperature. The aim of this study was to place a temperature sensor with the gas sensor module to measure and control the temperature of micro-hotplate. A SnO₂ sensing layer is coated on LTCC micro-hotplate using screen printing and characterized for the sensing of carbon monoxide gas (CO). This study will be beneficial for designing hotplates based on LTCC technology with low power consumption and better stability of temperature for gas-sensing applications.